卢克索旅游景点

29 Jan 2024, 09:01

阿拜多斯神庙

阿比多斯已成为埃及重要的考古宝藏。它是前王朝时代皇家墓地的所在地,揭示了它与苏美尔的有趣联系。此外,它还拥有奥西里翁(Osireion),这是一个与尼罗河相连的神秘地下房间,由巨大的石块建造而成。这些街区的建筑风格只有吉萨山谷神庙能与之媲美。后来,第六王朝的塞提一世神庙就建在这个遗址上,这无疑是更早的时期。 阿比多斯神庙位于哪里以及如何到达那里? 阿比多斯神庙位于阿比多斯镇,这里曾经是一座著名的圣城,也是埃及最早皇室的墓地。阿比多斯也是崇拜来世之神奥西里斯的朝圣中心,人们认为奥西里斯埋葬于此。从卢克索前往阿比多斯,可以乘坐私家车或出租车,大约需要两个半小时。或者,您也可以参加太阳金字塔之旅 (Sun Pyramids Tours) 的导游之旅,其中包含交通费和入场费。联系我们获取更多信息。您还可以将阿比多斯的游览与附近的其他寺庙结合起来,例如丹德拉或卡纳克神庙。塞提一世神庙(公元前 1,307-1,291 年) (数百万年的房子)它被认为是在塞提统治末期建造的。 塞提一世(Seti I) ,第十九王朝第二位国王,拉美西斯一世和西特王后的儿子。他与正在成为该地区最强大国家的赫梯人和解。塞提一世和他的继承人拉美西斯二世发动了针对卡迭石的战争。在卡纳克神庙,他完成了父亲的计划,将第二塔和第三塔之间的庭院改造成一个巨大的多柱式大厅。他在阿拜多斯建造了巨大的太平间。今天矗立的著名建筑通常被称为阿比多斯大神庙。这座辉煌的神庙中的浮雕是全埃及最精美的浮雕之一。这座寺庙拥有独特的设计,类似于倒置的“L”。它还包含最全面的国王和众神名单。神庙内有七个圣殿,供奉七位神:奥西里斯、伊希斯、荷鲁斯、阿蒙拉、拉霍阿赫蒂、普塔和被神化的国王塞提一世。在这座寺庙里,人们可以找到保存最完好的第十八王朝的浮雕和文字。建造了七个小教堂来崇拜法老和主要神灵。神庙后面有一座神秘的建筑,被称为“奥西里翁”,据信与崇拜奥西里斯有关,并且很可能从这些房间延伸出宏伟的地下墓室,由梅伦普塔建造,用于庆祝奥西里斯的神秘活动。 塞提一世神庙也因其天花板横梁上发现的独特雕刻而闻名。 这些雕刻品在过去因其与当代车辆的惊人相似而引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而,有人提出,它们可能是象形文字叠加的结果,尽管它们很罕见,但在检查光束的其余部分时似乎是合理的。 塞提一世神庙的建造时间明显晚于奥西里翁:据信塞蒂一世在这个地点建造,并在发现奥西里翁后调整了神庙的方向。然而,两座神庙的排列表明,当他开始建造神庙时,他很可能知道奥西里翁的存在。 奥西里翁(斯特拉博之井、阿比多斯喷泉) 当塞提一世开始为他的神庙寻找地点时,他被引导到卢克索北部尼罗河拐弯处的一个地点。在这里,他开始为他的圣殿挖掘地基。在此过程中,他偶然发现了奥西里斯古神庙。他是否意识到奥西里翁的存在仍然是个谜,但当他在新神庙的路径中遇到这座古老的神庙时,他将新神庙转向左侧。这座寺庙是埃及唯一一座呈“L”形转弯的寺庙。该建筑与上面的寺庙有显着的建筑差异,并且推测其历史相当悠久。它与吉萨的“山谷神庙”有几处相似之处,后者也被认为是早期王朝的建筑。与此相关,值得注意的是奥西里翁神庙是供奉奥西里斯的,而吉萨的“山谷神庙”则与伊希斯有关。截至目前,我们缺乏有关施工日期的任何线索。然而,其设计、材料的丰富性以及完全缺乏装饰都表明其起源非常古老。迄今为止,吉萨的狮身人面像神庙一直被认为是埃及最古老的建筑之一。它与谢夫伦金字塔是同时代的……由于其结构相似,但材料更大,阿比多斯水库表现出更古老的特征,如果它被证明是埃及最古老的建筑,也就不足为奇了。 多萝西·伊迪(奥姆·塞蒂饰)是谁?她与阿比多斯神庙有何联系? 关于阿比多斯神庙最引人入胜的故事之一是多萝西·伊迪 (Dorothy Eady,1904 年 – 1981 年) 的故事,她也被称为Omm Sety或 Om Seti,她是一位英国古董保管人和民俗学家。她曾担任塞提一世阿拜多斯神庙的守护者,并担任埃及文物部的绘图员。她因相信自己前世曾是古埃及的女祭司以及在阿拜多斯进行的广泛历史研究而闻名。她的生活和贡献一直是众多文章、电视纪录片和传记作品的焦点。被同行视为“美国埃及学泰斗”的东方研究所已故所长约翰·A·威尔逊 (John A. Wilson) 认为,奥姆·塞蒂值得被视为“一位负责任的学者”。她是当代学术的资源,旨在理解传统的古代宗教习俗如何延续至今,表现为现代埃及科普特人和穆斯林所遵守的“民间习俗”。与其他自称是古埃及转世实体的人不同,她受到埃及古物学家的尊重。虽然没有人公开认可她所描述的现象,但没有人质疑她的诚实,许多人都利用她对过去和现在埃及的见解作为可靠的来源材料。 拉美西斯二世神庙邻近的拉美西斯二世神庙虽然较小且设计简单,但其外部却拥有一系列非凡的历史场景,庆祝他的成就,下部仍然完好无损。寺庙的外部装饰着卡迭石战役的描绘。与塞提一世类似的法老名单曾经矗立在这里;然而,这些碎片被法国领事收购并卖给了大英博物馆。列表的前两行是国王的名字,而第三行则重复拉美西斯二世的王位名称。 阿比多斯神庙的营业时间是多少阿比多斯神庙的开放时间为:每天上午 7 点至下午 6 点为什么我通过 Sun Pyramids Tours 预订1) 专业知识和经验: Sun Pyramids Tours 在旅游行业拥有 53 年的丰富经验。 2) 定制行程:太阳金字塔旅游提供定制行程,以满足您的喜好。无论您对历史古迹、文化沉浸还是冒险活动感兴趣,我们都可以设计符合您兴趣的旅游。 3) 当地联系和内部人士访问:太阳金字塔之旅可以为您提供独特的机会和内部人士访问景点和体验的机会,而这些对于独立旅行者来说可能不容易获得。 4) 无忧规划:太阳金字塔之旅可以减轻您规划行程的压力。我们以具有竞争力的价格处理所有后勤工作,包括住宿、交通和导游服务……放松身心,享受您的假期,无需担心细节。 5) 客户满意度:太阳金字塔旅游公司以提供卓越的客户服务并确保客户满意度而自豪。他们努力满足并超越您的期望,让您的旅行愉快而难忘。添加旅行顾问评论、Facebook 页面评论等。 6) 安全保障: Sun Pyramids Tours 优先考虑客人的安全保障。我们与值得信赖的合作伙伴合作,遵守安全准则,并在整个旅程中提供支持,以确保安全舒适的旅行体验。

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16 Jan 2025, 14:47

探索卢克索雄伟的卡纳克神庙

The Karnak Temple Complex in Luxor, an awe-inspiring showcase of ancient Egyptian architecture and spirituality, has evolved over centuries as a focal point for religious devotion. Originally developed during the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom, the site continued to expand into the Ptolemaic period, marking it as a continuous work of devotion and royal ambition. What is Karnak Temple but a mirror of the past? Here, visitors can explore a sprawling expanse of temples, each dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Montu. The complex's massive columns, expansive courtyards, and intricate reliefs not only highlight the architectural ingenuity but also tell tales of spiritual significance and cultural grandeur that have permeated through the ages, offering an immersive experience into the heart of ancient Thebes. Introduction to the Karnak Temple Complex Karnak, located near Luxor, is an extensive site that was a vital spiritual center in ancient Egypt and a symbol of Theban power, primarily dedicated to the god Amun. As a critical component of the monumental city of Thebes, Karnak offers a glimpse into the grandeur and complexity of ancient religious practices. Karnak History reveals that its original name, Ipet-isut, translates to "The Most Select of Places," reflecting its significance among the sacred sites. In 1979, the complex and the rest of Thebes earned recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, underscoring its global cultural importance. The modern name "Karnak," derived from the nearby village of el-Karnak, which means "fortified village," hints at the enduring legacy and protective reverence surrounding this historical marvel. Historical Background and Construction The construction of the Karnak Temple Complex began during the Middle Kingdom and extended into the Ptolemaic era, reflecting significant periods of Egypt's religious evolution and political ascendancy. Over these centuries, Karnak's many structures were meticulously crafted, showcasing the shifting dynamics of power within Egyptian society. Karnak Temple Layout, a testament to its historical and architectural significance, includes several precincts and the Karnak Open Air Museum, making it the second most visited historical site in Egypt, next only to the Giza pyramid complex. While the vast Precinct of Amun-Re is the most recognized and accessible part, enhancing the public's perception of Karnak, the complex also encompasses the less accessible Precincts of Mut and Montu and the dismantled Temple of Amenhotep IV. These sections, along with a collection of smaller temples and sanctuaries, intricately connect Karnak to the nearby Luxor Temple, each area contributing to the grand narrative of Karnak's religious importance. The Role of Karnak in Ancient Egyptian Religion As the site of Ipet-isut, “The Most Select of Places,” Karnak stood as a monumental tribute to the Theban Triad, with Amun at its helm, symbolizing the profound religious significance of Thebes. This revered site was central to worshipping Amun and honored Mut and Khonsu, thereby encapsulating the essence of Theban spirituality and divine authority. Over the centuries, Karnak has seen the veneration of a wide range of deities, reflecting shifts in religious focus and practice through various dynasties. Deities at Karnak Temple encompassed those from some of the earliest periods of Egyptian worship to those honored in later epochs, illustrating a rich tapestry of spiritual evolution. The complex also exhibits religious adaptability; for instance, an early temple built by Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) hints at the pharaoh's radical shift towards monotheism before he moved his religious center away from Thebes. Additionally, the site bears evidence of later cultural adaptations, such as incorporating Coptic churches, demonstrating this sacred space's continuous reuse and reinterpretation through time. Architectural Layout and Main Structures Karnak includes several precincts, such as the grand Hypostyle Hall, Amun-Re's sanctuary, and Mut's precinct, each showcasing distinct architectural splendor. The Great Hypostyle Hall: The Great Hypostyle Hall, located within the Precinct of Amun-Re, is a monumental testament to Karnak's architectural and engineering prowess. Covering an area of 50,000 square feet, this iconic hall is defined by its 134 massive columns, which are strategically arranged in 16 rows to create an awe-inspiring forest of stone. Among these, 122 columns stand at 33 feet tall, while the remaining 12 soar to 69 feet, each with a diameter exceeding 9.8 feet. The Great Hypostyle Hall's immense roof was supported by architraves that weigh an estimated 70 tons, likely lifted into place using complex lever systems or possibly through the use of large ramps made of sand, mud, brick, or stone, which allowed workers to tow these massive stones into position. This construction method showcases not only the ancient Egyptians' understanding of engineering principles but also their ability to organize large-scale architectural projects. The Precinct of Amun-Re: The Precinct of Amun-Re, the largest and most significant area within the Karnak Temple Complex, is a magnificent showcase of religious devotion to the chief deity of the Theban Triad, Amun-Re. This precinct is home to several colossal statues, one of the most notable being the 34-foot tall figure of Pinedjem I. Beyond these impressive statues, the precinct features monumental structures that include vast rows of intricately carved columns, sourced from the sandstone quarries of Gebel Silsila, situated 100 miles to the south along the Nile River. Among its many wonders, the Precinct of Amun-Re also boasts one of the largest obelisks erected in ancient Egypt, which weighs a staggering 328 tons and stands 95 feet tall. These architectural feats not only demonstrate the ancient Egyptians' advanced engineering and craftsmanship but also symbolize their enduring reverence for Amun-Re. The Precinct of Mut: South of Amun-Re's precinct, the Precinct of Mut stands as a distinct area dedicated to the mother goddess Mut, who is revered as Amun-Re's consort within the Theban Triad. This precinct features a collection of unique temples and its own sacred lake, shaped in a crescent, which adds to the sanctity of the space. Over the years, this area has experienced significant ravages, with many of its materials repurposed for other constructions. However, extensive excavation and restoration efforts, notably by a team from Johns Hopkins University led by Betsy Bryan, have revitalized this historical area. The Precinct of Mut, possibly the oldest part of the Karnak complex, was reopened to the public, revealing insights such as the discovery of six hundred black granite statues in the temple courtyard. This precinct not only highlights Mut's religious significance but also showcases her absorption of warrior goddess traits from Sekhmet and Bast, reflecting the dynamic evolution of deity worship in ancient Thebes. The Precinct of Montu: North of Amun-Re, the smaller Precinct of Montu is dedicated to Montu, the falcon-headed god of war and valor. Unlike the more accessible precincts within the Karnak Temple Complex, the Precinct of Montu remains largely closed to the public, preserving its mystique and sanctity. This area is significant for its historical association with Theban military prowess and royal power, as Montu was revered as a god of war before the rise of Amun-Re to prominence. The precinct houses several smaller temples and artifacts that are crucial to understanding the military and theological history of ancient Thebes. Although not open for public tours, the Precinct of Montu holds a pivotal role in the comprehensive narrative of Karnak, reflecting ancient Egypt's complex religious and sociopolitical landscape. The Temple of Amenhotep IV: Built by Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, this temple was later dismantled, reflecting the controversial and transformative nature of his reign. The Temple of Amenhotep IV was strategically situated east of the main Karnak complex, beyond the walls of the Amun-Re precinct, symbolizing perhaps both a physical and ideological departure from established religious norms. After Akhenaten's death, the temple was swiftly and thoroughly destroyed by those who opposed his religious reforms, particularly the priesthood that had dominated Egypt before his ascension. This destruction was so complete that today, the full extent and original layout of the temple remain largely a mystery. The rapid dismantling of his temple and the erasure of many records of his existence underscore the dramatic return to traditional religious practices and the restoration of power to the priesthood immediately following his demise. Mythology and Rituals at Karnak Karnak was the site of grand festivals like the festival of Sekhmet, which highlighted the temple complex's mythological richness. These events were key religious activities and showcased ancient Egypt's complex theological landscape. The festival of Sekhmet, in particular, involved rituals symbolizing chaos and rebirth, where attendees, including priestesses and locals, participated in ritualistic alcohol overindulgence. This act was rooted in the myth of Sekhmet, whose destructive frenzy was curbed when she was tricked into drinking beer mixed with pomegranate juice, mistaking it for blood. This story underscores the theme of transformation and renewal central to the festival. Integrating attributes from various deities into the goddess Mut at Karnak, such as aspects of the warrior goddesses Bast and Menhit, further demonstrates the deep mythological connections and the evolving religious practices at Karnak. Rediscovery and European Accounts European explorers in the 15th century rediscovered Karnak, reintroducing its architectural and historical marvels to the Western world. The first detailed European account of the Karnak temple complex emerged from a Venetian explorer in 1589, whose observations are preserved in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze. However, this document did not name the complex. The name Karnak, associated both with the village and the temple complex, was first recorded in the accounts of the Capuchin missionary brothers, Protais and Charles François d'Orléans, in 1668. The Rediscovery of Karnak Temple gained momentum as travelers like Claude Sicard, Frederick Louis Norden, and others documented their explorations extensively in the 18th century. Their detailed accounts and drawings helped spark significant interest and scholarly European research. Notably, during Napoleon's Egyptian campaign, scientists, including Vivant Denon, thoroughly documented Karnak's artifacts and inscriptions, further solidifying its place in European academic and artistic circles and providing a cornerstone for Egyptology. Modern-Day Significance and Preservation Karnak, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, continues to captivate visitors from around the globe with its rich history and architectural majesty. Ongoing preservation efforts play a crucial role in maintaining the structural and cultural integrity of this ancient site, ensuring it remains a celebrated destination for tourists. The Karnak Sound and Light Show is a key highlight, offering a multimedia journey through the achievements of the Pharaohs. Through this show, visitors can experience the historical grandeur of Karnak in one of ten languages, enhancing their understanding of Egypt's monumental legacy. This initiative not only educates visitors about Karnak's historical significance but also plays a significant part in its preservation, by raising awareness and generating funds that support ongoing conservation efforts. Booking a ticket for this show promises an unforgettable experience, where the past meets the present in a spectacular display of light and sound. Why do I book with Sun Pyramids Tours? 1) Expertise and Experience: Sun Pyramids Tours has a wealth of 53 years of experience in the travel and tourism industry. 2) Customized Itineraries: Sun Pyramids Tours offers tailored itineraries to suit your preferences. Whether you're interested in historical sites, cultural immersion, or adventure activities, we can design a tour that matches your interests. 3) Local Connections and Insider Access: Sun Pyramids Tours can provide you with unique opportunities and insider access to attractions and experiences that may not be easily accessible to independent travelers. 4) Hassle-Free Planning: Sun Pyramids Tours can take the stress out of planning your trip. We handle all the logistics, including accommodations, transportation, and guided tours, at competitive prices… Relax and enjoy your vacation without worrying about the details. 5) Customer Satisfaction: Sun Pyramids Tours prides itself on providing excellent customer service and ensuring customer satisfaction. They strive to meet and exceed your expectations, making your trip enjoyable and memorable. Add trip advisor reviews, Facebook page reviews, etc. 6) Safety and Security: Sun Pyramids Tours prioritizes the safety and security of their guests. We work with trusted partners, adhere to safety guidelines, and provide support throughout your journey to ensure a safe and comfortable travel experience. Egypt warmly welcomes visitors with its majestic Nile River, desert landscapes, and the fertile Delta, along with its remarkable and awe-inspiring landmarks. With our Egypt tour packages, you'll have the chance to uncover the most mesmerizing wonders of the land of the Pharaohs, including the iconic Giza Pyramids, the Great Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Karnak temples, and so much more. The Nile River is also the perfect setting for one of our Nile cruises, where you can sail through history, admiring the magnificent monuments between Luxor and Aswan. The opportunity is right here for you—don't miss out, book with us today!

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